Some Properties of Domestic Solid Waste in Mong Cai City

Table 3.1 - Solid waste composition of Mong Cai city

Ingredient	Ratio %
first	Organic matter: Leftover food, vegetable stems, fruit peels...	60.7
2	Plastic: Bottles, jars, boxes, plastic bags, scraps of plastic...	5.5
3	Paper: scrap paper, cardboard...	5.2
4	Metal: Box cover, metal thread...	3.8
5	Glass: bottles, broken pieces...	2.5
6	Inert substances: Soil, stone, sand, rubble...	10.2
7	Persistent substances: Rubber, shredded leather, imitation leather...	5,6
8	Burnable substances: tree branches, wood, hair, animal fur, rags...	6.4
9	Hazardous substances: paint cans, broken light bulbs, batteries	0.1

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Source: Urban Environment Joint Stock Company

The results in Table 3.1 show that the proportion of components in domestic solid waste is mainly organic matter, accounting for the highest proportion of 60.7%, followed by soil, stone, sand, bricks, and the remaining substances accounting for insignificant rate.

During the interview process, Comrade Le Thiet Nguu - Deputy Director of the Environment and Urban Joint Stock Company said that the amount of solid waste generated from the market accounts for 11% of the total volume of solid waste generated in the city. The composition of market waste varies depending on the products sold at the market, but the composition of food waste ranges from 76-100%. Mong Cai City develops in the direction of trade and services, with specific food consumption, organic solid waste composition accounts for a high proportion (60.7%) in the city's solid waste composition. This component significantly affects the collection frequency.

Table 3.2 - Some properties of domestic solid waste in Mong Cai city

Analytical criteria	Average value in survey areas
first	Density (ton/m 3 )	0.432
2	Humidity (%)	59.21
3	Ash (% dry matter)	11.0
4	Absolute calorific value (kcal/kg)	6689
5	Melting degree of ash ( o C)	1290

Source: Urban Environment Joint Stock Company

Table 3.2. shows that the City's domestic solid waste has a fairly high moisture content (59.21%), especially in the rainy season. All of the above data play an important role in choosing appropriate technology to treat solid waste in the city.

3.3. Current status of solid waste management

3.3.1. Administrative management system

Mong Cai City People's Committee performs state management of environmental protection in the area, directs departments, boards, People's Committees of wards and communes, and Urban Environment and Construction Joint Stock Company to carry out their tasks. environmental protection in general and the collection, transportation and treatment of household solid waste in particular.

Department of Natural Resources and Environment: Monitor hygiene quality from collection and transportation in each ward and commune for household solid waste; Coordinate with the Urban Management Department to advise the City People's Committee on selecting locations for waste transfer stations in the area.

People's Committees of wards and communes organize and manage private waste collection teams, mobilize and propagate households and organizations in the area to perform well the work of environmental protection, collection and treatment of solid waste. Living.

City People's Committee.

Mong Cai

Department of Trade and Industry, Investment Management, and Science Department

MT and CTDT Joint Stock Company

	People's Committees of communes and wards

Production groups and teams

Private

Neighborhood, hamlet

Diagram 3.1 - Domestic solid waste management model in Mong Cai city

Management document system:

Resolution No. 17/2009/NQ-HDND dated December 19, 2009 of the City People's Council "On some policies and solutions for environmental management and urban beautification in the City"; Resolution No. 06-NQ/TU dated July 26, 2011 of the City Party Committee "on protecting the ecological environment of Mong Cai city in the period 2011-2015";

Decision No. 2652/QD-UB dated December 30, 2005 of Mong Cai City People's Committee "Regarding the establishment of a team for acceptance of the completed volume of public utility products of Mong Cai Urban Environment Company"; Decision No. 868/2012/QD-UBND dated April 9, 2012 on urban management regulations in the area; Decision No. 4125/QD-UBND dated November 30, 2011 of the People's Committee "approving the waste collection project for 05 communes: Hai Xuan, Hai Tien, Hai Dong, Quang Nghia and Van Ninh"; Decision No. 1568/QD- UBND dated April 5, 2013 "on the allocation of capital sources to implement the new rural construction program" in which the cost of supporting investment in mobile garbage collection equipment in the areas of The remaining communes include: Hai Son, Bac Son, Vinh Trung, Vinh Thuc; Decision No. 2810/QD-UBND dated August 22, 2012 of the People's Committee "on the establishment of the Steering Committee for environmental protection and sustainable development of Mong Cai city";

Plan No. 397/KH-UBND dated July 26, 2002 of Mong Cai City People's Committee "on directing communes and wards to develop a project to strengthen urban and environmental management; Project "a number of policies and solutions for urban management and beautification - hygiene - environment in Mong Cai city until 2015; Plan 1011/2005/KH-UBND dated November 29, 2005 on environmental protection during the period of promoting industrialization and modernization of the city until 2010, with an orientation to 2015; Plan No. 30/KH-UBND dated March 1, 2012 "Environmental protection of Mong Cai city in 2012; Plan No. 580/UBND-TNMT dated May 29, 2012 of the City People's Committee "plan and budget estimate for environmental causes in 2013; Plan No. 66/KH-UBND dated May 9, 2013 of the City People's Committee city "plan and budget estimate for environmental services in 2014;

Document No. 1287/UBND-TNMT dated October 2, 2012 "Regarding strengthening environmental protection for production and business establishments in Mong Cai city; Document No. 505/UBND-TNMT dated May 20, 2011 of the City People's Committee "on continuing to strengthen environmental management and protection in the area".

Mong Cai City table” ; Document No. 320 dated March 12, 2013 of the City People's Committee "Regarding the implementation of the provisions of the Law on Environmental Protection in preparing the Environmental Protection Commitment for local authorities " production, business, and non-agricultural services

medicine

relative

g phase _

investment balance ; Simple environmental protection project"....

3.3.2. Current status of solid waste management

(1) Units collecting, transporting and treating household solid waste:

Mong Cai city has 17 administrative units including 8 wards and 9 communes. The collection, transportation and treatment of household solid waste has been implemented by the City People's Committee since 1993 with the model of a public utility enterprise under the City People's Committee (currently being equitized under the direction of the Province). Responsible for collection, transportation and treatment of solid waste. Currently, the unit directly performing the task of collecting and treating solid waste is the Urban Environment and Construction Joint Stock Company.

1) Organizational structure of the Company: The total number of employees in the company in 2013 was 179 people, including 15 people with university degrees, 14 people with intermediate degrees, 03 people with technical college degrees, and technical workers. 11 people

Table 3.3 - Human resource organization of Environment and Urban Construction Joint Stock Company

Unit name	Unit	Amount of people
I	Management department	People	28
first	Board of manager	People	03
2	Room service accounting	People	04
3	TCHC-salary labor	People	03
4	Business Department	People	8
5	KHNV-construction-engineering	People	ten
II	Production department	People	151
first	Transport fleet	People	21
2	Green park management	People	29
4	Hoa Lac cleaning team	People	26
5	Tran Phu cleaning team	People	28
6	Ka Long cleaning team	People	26
7	Tra Co cleaning team	People	21

Source: Environment and Urban Construction Joint Stock Company

2) Means of collecting, transporting and treating domestic solid waste include:

+ Public trash bins: 553

+ Garbage collection vehicles (hand carts): 567 (as of November 2013)

+ Garbage compactor: 05 units of 7 tons, 01 unit of 4 tons, 01 unit of 2.5 tons (this vehicle is not currently in use)

+ Septic tank suction truck: 01 unit

+ Scraper: 01

+ Excavator: 01

3) The company's domestic solid waste management process is divided into 3 main stages:

+ Sanitation workers sweep and collect generated solid waste onto hand carts and take it to collection points;

+ At collection points, solid waste will be loaded onto specialized vehicles and transported to the city's centralized landfill;

+ At the landfill, biological solid waste is received, leveled, thoroughly compacted, and sprayed with preliminary treatment products.

(2) Classification, collection and transportation of household solid waste

1) Solid waste classification has not yet been applied in Mong Cai city, partly because there is no appropriate and timely mechanism and policy, so the voluntary classification movement has not been encouraged. of people; Partly because the equipment investment system is not synchronized and unified. The fact that spontaneous waste classification occurs every day in the city is the scrap collection team.

Figure 3.1 - Classification of solid waste by scrap purchasing team

2) Collection work: household solid waste in the City also uses a combination of manual and mechanical, so the equipment used includes both rudimentary and modern equipment. On the other hand, due to the lack of modern collection equipment, the solid waste collection rate in the city is not highly effective.

Urban Environment and Construction Joint Stock Company is responsible for organizing collection in the city center wards: Ka Long, Tran Phu, Hoa Lac, Tra Co

Hai Yen Cooperative carries out collection work in Hai Yen ward

The remaining communes and wards: Hai Hoa Ward, Binh Ngoc Ward, Ninh Duong Ward, Hai Dong Commune, Hai Tien Commune, Quang Nghia Commune, Vinh Trung, Vinh Thuc, Hai Son, Van Ninh, Bac Son Organized and managed by the Commune People's Committee.

- Solid waste volume: The solid waste collection volume in Mong Cai city from 2007-2013 is shown in table 3.4 as follows:

Table 3.4 - Volume of domestic solid waste collection in Mong Cai city

Year	Volume (tons/year)	Volume (ton/day)	Annual increase rate (%)
first	2007	15,910,000	43,589	-
2	2008	19,275,000	52,808	21.1
3	2009	19,769,000	54,161	2.6
4	2010	19,900,000	54,520	0.7
5	2011	23,000,000	63,013	15.6
6	2012	29,487,000	80,786	28.2
7	two thousand and thirteen	30,147,000	82,594	2,2

Ton

Source: Compiled data

ten

	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	two thousand and thirteen
Quantity _ _ _ _	15.91	19,275	19,769	19.9	23	29,487	30,147

Figure 3.2 - Development of domestic solid waste over 07 years

The figure above shows that the volume of household solid waste collected and treated in the period 2007-2013 is increasing. The amount of solid waste increased dramatically at two time points in 2008 (an increase of 21.1% compared to 2007), the reason being that in 2008 Mong Cai town became Mong Cai City, leading to a series of investments. On the basis, effective policies to attract population were also implemented...in 2011 and 2012 (increased by 15.6% compared to 2010, 28.2% compared to 2011, 18.8% respectively). ) The reason for the increase is that rural waste collection has been paid attention and directed by the city (in 2011, the rural waste collection project in 05 communes/city areas was approved, in 2012 it was approved). Approve the waste collection project in the remaining 4 communes). The above increase shows that currently, solid waste collection in the area is receiving increasing attention. The amount of waste collected and treated is increasingly effective. However, currently, the pace of urbanization is taking place strongly in the area, especially the city's goal of achieving the city's Class II urban criteria. The upcoming solid waste problem will put great pressure on investment in construction. Construction of environmental works related to solid waste treatment must be accelerated.

- The volume of solid waste collection in Mong Cai city in 2013 is as follows:

Table 3.5 - Summary of waste acceptance volume in 2013

Month	Vehicle 4 (ton)		Vehicle 7 (ton)		total
Month	30km	40 km	15 km	30 km	total
first	January	93.00	198.40	155.00	2,126.60	2,573.00
2	February _	84.00	179.20	140.00	1,920.80	2,324.00
3	March	93.00	198.40	155.00	2,126.60	2,573.00
4	April	90.00	192.00	150.00	2,058.00	2,490.00
5	May	154.59	309.17	155.00	2,058.00	2,676.76
6	June	141.89	283.78	150.00	1,853.10	2,428.77
7	July	146.61	293.22	155.00	1,914.87	2,509.70
8	August	146.61	293.22	155.00	1,914.87	2,509.70
9	September	141.89	283.78	150.00	1,853.10	2,428.77
ten	October	146.61	293.22	155.00	1,914.87	2,509.70
11	November	141.89	283.78	150.00	1,853.10	2,428.77
twelfth	December	147.35	294.71	155.00	2,098.24	2,695.30
total		1,527.44	3,102.88	1,825.00	23,692.15	30,147.47

Source: Compiled data

According to table 3.5, the CTR volume fluctuates in months of the year with insignificant increases and decreases. The reason for the above insignificant fluctuation is: In 2013, Mong Cai City People's Committee assigned the unit in charge of direct management of this work, the Finance and Planning Department, the process of interviewing officials showed that Acceptance of household CTR is conducted by the acceptance team twice a year, 20 days each time, and the weighing of the average volume of CTR generated daily and monthly is calculated as an average for the following months. Considering that this management and supervision work is only effective in terms of funding, it cannot monitor the actual volume generated.

Table 3.6 - Volume of solid waste generated in communes and wards in 2013

Status

Name of ward and commune	Area (km 2 )	Population (People)	CTR volume (ton/day)
first	Ka Long Ward	1.5	6,890	10,449
2	Tran Phu Ward	0.97	7,208	15,040
3	Ninh Duong Ward	11.99	8,327	7,666
4	Hoa Lac Ward	0.72	5,334	6,914
5	Tra Co Ward	13.08	4,430	3,602
6	Hai Yen Ward	44.82	8,814	7,482
7	Hai Hoa Ward	39.02	15,056	11,004
8	Binh Ngoc Ward	11.9	4.132	3,000
9	Hai Son commune	83.06	1,246	1,003
ten	Bac Son commune	49.90	1,464	1,233
11	Hai Dong commune	44,15	6,393	2,455
twelfth	Hai Tien commune	34.46	5,432	2,513
13	Quang Nghia commune	58.72	2,943	1,841
14	Hai Xuan commune	15.33	8,300	5,646
15	Van Ninh commune	60.38	6,274	2,800
Total		518.82	96,065	82,594

Source: Compiled data The largest volume of solid waste generated in Tran Phu ward (15,040 tons/day), the ward's population is the second largest after Hai Hoa ward with a small area

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