properly, the content and form of activities do not match the interests of students and the conditions of the school [17]. However, the author has not mentioned the forms and methods of physical education for students.
Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao in the article Some measures to improve the quality of teaching physical education modules at Trade Union University, from the results of a survey of the current situation, the author identifies that the level of student satisfaction with the school's physical education program in recent times is not really high, there are still students who are not satisfied, therefore requiring further research. Research and improve programs to suit student needs and interests. Students are not really actively exercising, the results show that there are still a large number of students who only exercise occasionally, accounting for 47.5% and 18% of students do not exercise on their own even though they study according to the belief system. only requires very high self-study ability of students. The author proposes measures such as: Carrying out propaganda and education about the role and meaning of Physical Education; Improve the content of the training program in accordance with school practices; Increase physical and sports activities outside of school hours; Invest in equipping, supplementing, upgrading and renovating facilities,
Vu Minh Cuong in the article Some professional measures to improve the quality of physical education for middle school studentsFrom the results of applying selected professional measures to secondary schools, we have come to the conclusion that after 12 months of experimenting with professional measures to improve the quality of physical education in 3 grades (6, 7, 8) In some secondary schools in Hanoi, the results show that the school's physical education work has had a very positive change in quality and students' awareness of sports activities has increased. The results of the student physical fitness test have confirmed the effectiveness of the measures in the school's physical education activities. The results of physical training of students compared to the physical training standards of the Ministry of Education and Training are achieved in all indicators, the rate of 86.7% of students with good physical fitness level is the majority [6 ]. However, the author
Not to mention innovating methods and forms of physical education for students to effectively implement the content of the selected Physical Education subject.
Research on physical education management based on the competency approach
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Managing physical education activities for students in the direction of capacity development in high schools in Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province - 1 - Managing physical education activities for students in the direction of capacity development in high schools in Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province - 2
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Some Issues on Management of Physical Education Activities for Students in High Schools According to Capacity Development -
Measures to Manage Physical Education Activities Oriented to Student Capacity Development in Dong Hy District High Schools -
Innovating Forms of Organization of Physical Education Activities Oriented to Student Capacity Development in Schools Thpt
Vo Ngoc Giao (2006) in the work Management measures to improve the quality of teaching physical education at universities of social sciences and humanities proposed management measures such as: Building a program new physical education program based on student's choice; Strengthen the management of teaching activities; Innovate teaching methods and enhance facilities and teaching equipment for physical education [7].
Nguyen Van Binh (2017) in the project Management of physical education activities for students according to the orientation of capacity development in high schools in Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen provinceproposed measures such as: Raising awareness for teachers and administrators on organizing physical education activities for students according to the competency approach; Fostering a team of physical education teachers on skills in organizing extracurricular activities, skills in organizing physical education teaching hours according to the orientation of developing student capacity; Innovate professional team/group activities on building and organizing physical education teaching plans according to the orientation of developing students' capacity; Innovate forms of physical education according to the orientation of capacity development for high school students; Innovate testing and evaluation of physical education results for students according to the orientation of capacity development; Improve the conditions for physical education activities in the direction of capacity development for high school students [3].
Nguyen Duc Hau (2018) in the work Managing physical education activities for students according to the competency approach in high schools in Phu Tho province has proposed the following measures: Raising awareness for teachers, Managers organize physical education activities for students according to the competency approach; Training teachers teaching physical education on skills in organizing activities
Extracurricular activities, skills in organizing physical education lessons according to student abilities; Innovate professional team/group activities in building and organizing physical education teaching plans according to students' competency approaches; Innovate testing and assessment of physical education results for students according to the competency approach in high school; Improve the conditions for organizing physical education activities according to the capacity approach for students [10].
1.2. Some basic concepts of the topic
1.2.1. Management, Educational Administration
- Manage:
According to authors Nguyen Quoc Chi and Nguyen Thi My Loc:
“Management is the process of achieving organizational goals by applying the activities (functions) of planning, organizing, directing (leading) and controlling” [13] or “Management is the process of The process of intentional impact of the management subject on the management object to achieve the organization's goals" [13].
From the above viewpoints, in our opinion: Management is the organized, targeted impact of the management subject on the management object to achieve the set goals.
From the above concepts, in our opinion, management is a process of intentional impact of the management subject on the management object through the implementation of management functions to help the organization achieve its stated goals. out .
- Education Management:
According to Dang Quoc Bao: "Educational management in general is implementing the Party's educational guidelines within the scope of one's responsibility, that is, bringing the school to operate toward the goal of training according to educational principles" [2 ].
Pham Minh Hac believes that "Educational management is the management of teaching and learning activities in order to move the school from one state to another and gradually achieve determined educational goals" [8].
With the above consensus, it can be understood: Educational management is the directional impact process of educational managers in applying the most general principles and methods of management science to the field of education in order to achieve the goals set by education.
1.2.2. Capacity
Dubois (2004) and the authors acknowledge that “Capabilities are characteristics that individuals acquire and use in appropriate and consistent contexts to achieve desired results”[cited (9)] . These characteristics include knowledge, skills, motivation, characteristics, ways of thinking, feeling, and acting. Competence is also seen as related to attitudes, motivations and abilities that help individuals develop knowledge about how to operate and skills in a certain field of activity independently, so that they can achieve high levels of achievement.
According to Dang Thanh Hung: "Capacity is a personal attribute that allows individuals to successfully perform certain activities, achieving desired results in specific conditions." respond to a certain type of activity based on personal attributes (biological, psychological and social values) that are performed voluntarily and lead to results consistent with the actual level of the activity" [12] …
In our opinion, competency is the integration of knowledge, skills, attitudes and personal experience when performing responsible and effective actions, solving tasks and problems in different situations. each other in the professional, social or personal fields.
1.2.3. Physical education, physical education activities
- Physical education:
According to AD Novicov, LP Matveep - Physical fitness is the quality of the human body. These are the morphological and functional characteristics of the body that change and develop in each stage and successive periods according to the laws of biology.
learn. Physical constitution is formed and developed due to innate genetics and the impact of living conditions" [cited (14)].
In AMMacximenko's view; BC Kyznhetxov and Sokholov said: "Physical education is a type of education whose specialized content is teaching movements, educating physical qualities, acquiring professional knowledge about physical education and forming physical needs." demand for self-discipline in humans" [cited (14)].
According to Stephen J. Virgilio (1997), “Physical education, like other forms of education, is essentially a pedagogical process with all its basic characteristics. The main difference between physical education and other forms of education is that it is a process aimed at forming skills and motor skills, developing physical qualities, and perfecting form and function. functions of the body, thereby providing knowledge and the relationship between them. Thus, physical education as a relatively independent form of the comprehensive educational process, has an objective relationship with other forms of education such as ethics, aesthetics, intelligence and labor" [cited according to (14)].
From the above viewpoints, in our opinion: Physical education for students according to the competency approach is a standard approach to output products,... but that product is not only knowledge and skills, but mainly Weakness is the ability to apply the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to perform learning tasks to reach a certain standard. Physical education for students following the competency approach in this understanding requires meeting two main conditions: there must be an output product and that product must meet a certain required standard.
- Physical education activities:
Physical education activities are educational activities whose specialized content is teaching movement and purposefully developing human movement qualities. Thus, physical education activities in middle school play a very important role in the formation and development of: Virtue - Intelligence - Fitness - Beauty for children. It contributes to children's balanced and comprehensive development.
According to the Russian-Vietnamese sports dictionary edited by Nguyen Van Hieu (1979), "Physical education activities are understood as a type of education whose main task is to develop physical strength and strengthen physical fitness as the main task, through through participation in sports to perform" [11].
Also according to the two authors Nguyen Toan and Pham Danh Ton, the first basic and specialized characteristic of physical education is teaching movement and the second characteristic is the intentional impact on directional development. physical qualities to improve human mobility. Since then, the two authors have given the definition: "Physical education activities are a type of education whose specialized content is teaching movement (movement) and purposefully developing the physical qualities of the child." humans” [20].
From the above approaches, in our opinion: Physical education activity is a purposefully organized, planned process with a specialized function to develop motor skills , Movement qualities and physical development for learners.
1.2.4. Physical education activities follow a competency approach
Physical education activities based on the competency approach not only equip students with health care knowledge and skills, but also help students apply knowledge and movement skills, helping students form physical exercise habits. Sports education, the ability to choose appropriate sports to practice to improve health, develop physical strength and motor skills; On that basis, it helps students to be conscious and responsible for the health of themselves, their families and the community, adapt to living conditions, live happily and get along with everyone.
Physical education activities based on the competency approach meet all requirements regarding: Objectives, content, teaching and assessment methods; compiled according to a new common model for subject programs. Physical education activities help students develop specific competencies such as: Health care; luck
basic motive; sports activities. In addition, physical education activities based on a competency approach also contribute to educating students to develop autonomy and self-learning abilities, communication and cooperation abilities, problem-solving and creativity abilities. , aesthetic ability...
1.2.5. Managing physical education activities according to the competency approach for secondary school students
With the research approach of the thesis topic, we choose the following concept as a tool concept: "Managing personal educational activities for learning according to the competency approach is a continuous impact that is purposeful and planned." of the manager (management subject) to the management object (program, teaching plan, teaching process of teachers, students, teaching facilities) in order to develop learning capacity. Students meet the school's educational goals, educational goals and educational levels.
1.3. Competency-based physical education for middle school students
1.3.1. Objectives of physical education activities according to the competency approach
The process of designing a physical education teaching plan in school can be based on the student's current level and motor ability, the learner's needs, preferences and interests to design the content of the lesson. Flexible and rich on the basis of ensuring the objectives of the subject program. The process of organizing the above class will help students feel active, play or participate in any form of activity without feeling forced, through which the tasks and goals of the subject are fulfilled. .
According to the general program of physical education (Promulgated together with Circular No. 32/2018/TT-BGDDT dated December 26, 2018 of the Minister of Education and Training):
“ The goal of the lower secondary level of Physical Education is to help students continue to consolidate and develop health care skills, physical hygiene and basic movement, exercise habits and fitness skills. sport; healthy, harmonious lifestyle
cooperation and responsibility; Be self-aware and actively apply what you have learned to participate in physical training and sports activities; fostering sports talent" [ 4].
Knowledge objectives: Physical Education helps students know how to take care of their health and physical hygiene; Forming exercise habits to improve health; Through physical games and exercise, sports form basic movement skills, develop physical qualities, as a basis for comprehensive development. Students can choose the content of physical education and sports activities suitable to their physical strength and the school's ability to respond.
Skill goals : Help students consolidate and develop health care skills, body hygiene and basic movement, exercise habits and sports skills.
Attitude goal : Form students to be self-aware and actively apply what they have learned to participate in physical education and sports activities. Form the habit of regular exercise and healthy lifestyle, agile behavior, discipline, team spirit, moral qualities and willpower.
1.3.2. The structure of physical ability of middle school students
The Physical Education program helps students form and develop physical capacity with the following components: health care capacity, basic movement capacity, and sports activity capacity. The physical capacity requirements to be met are shown in the following table: