Participatory Rapid Assessment Method

chapter II

LOCATION, TIME, METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH METHODS

2.1. Research location

2.1.1. Ha Long City

2.1.1.1. Natural condition

a. Geographical location

The south connects to the sea through Ha Long Bay and Hai Phong city. The East - Northeast borders Cam Pha city.

b. Topographic

c. Climate

- Wind: Wind speed in different places is very different. Offshore islands have very high wind speeds, the annual average is 5 m/s, the wind is rarely calm (≤3%), many times the wind speed reaches over 40 m/s. Winter is from October of the previous year to March of the following year, influenced by the northeast monsoon. Summer is from May to August, mainly south and southeast winds blowing from the sea.

- Rain - humidity: Ha Long is one of the rainy localities in the North with an average rainfall of 1800-2000mm/year, but the distribution according to territorial space is very different. The average annual rainfall in the area ranges from 2000 mm to 2400 mm. Months with lots of rain are from May to September.

d. Plants

e. Natural resources

Quang Ninh in general and Ha Long in particular have extremely rich natural resources. Outstanding mineral resources are coal and limestone. Not only that, Ha Long also has extremely famous tourism and humanistic resources, which is the world natural heritage Ha Long Bay.

2.1.1.1. Socioeconomic and environmental conditions

a. Social and economic conditions

Ha Long is a tip of the northern industrial triangle of Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh. Coal mining has been established for a long time and has become a strength of the city with many large coal mines: Ha Tu, Ha Lam, Tan Lap, Nui Beo and dozens of small mines, each year exploiting over 10 million tons. coal of all kinds. Associated with coal mines are screening plants, mechanical transport enterprises and ports.

Ha Long City is a major trading center. Main export goods are coal and seafood, imported goods are petroleum, mining machinery, iron and steel, and means of transport. Ha Long is the focal point for trading industrial goods, food, and foodstuffs for production and consumption in mining industrial areas and tourist areas.

Ha Long is a tourist city; The largest tourist center in the North and the second largest number of tourists after Ho Chi Minh City.

b. Environmental conditions

Ha Long City has Ha Long Bay as a World Natural Wonder, preserving the value of the wonder must be given top priority. The bay environment from the belt, buffer zone to the outcrop must be strictly protected. Because Ha Long is a city that develops tourism and the coal mining industry, environmental issues are given great attention.

Tourism development is accompanied by a large amount of waste and wastewater generated. The issue of waste has been focused on and thoroughly collected by businesses, without affecting the urban landscape. In addition, the issue of collecting household solid waste from residential areas is also implemented by wards and communes. Domestic wastewater from restaurants and hotels has been connected to the centralized wastewater treatment system in Cai Dam.

In Ha Long, the "smoke industry" goes hand in hand with the "smokeless industry". Previously, there was always environmental pollution in Ha Long city

are all dumped directly into the bay without going through any treatment process. At coal ports , the situation of transporting and loading coal in the "absolute protection zone" still exists. Many large tonnage ships coming to receive coal cannot enter the port and have to use transshipment methods , so a large amount of coal is scattered into Ha Long Bay. However, due to the direction of the departments of Quang Ninh province and Ha Long city, currently, lip

City schools have been significantly improved. Open-cast coal mining has been minimized to limit environmental pollution. Vinacomin has invested in the construction of centralized mine wastewater treatment systems and projects. Coal mining no longer stretches across the city but focuses on a few areas such as Ha Lam, Ha Trung, and Ha Tu.

2.1.2. Cam Pha City

2.1.2.1. Natural condition

Cam Pha city has a natural area of ​​486.45 km², the terrain is mainly mountainous. Mountains and hills account for 55.4% of the area, midlands 16.29%, plains 15.01% and coastal areas 13.3%. Out at sea are hundreds of small islands, most of which are limestone islands. The average annual temperature is about 23 o C, average humidity is 84.6%, annual rainfall is 2,307 mm, and there is often fog in winter.[12]

2.1.2.1. Socioeconomic and environmental conditions

Cam Pha's main mineral reserves are coal, with a total potential estimated at over 3 billion tons out of a total of 8.4 billion tons of coal reserves in the entire Quang Ninh province. Cam Pha has a railway system used to transport coal running along the city, carrying coal to Cua Ong Coal Plant, large coal mines such as Coc Sau, Deo Nai, Cao Son, Mong Duong, Khe Cham, Duong Huy, Thong Nhat. . In addition, other minerals such as antimony, limestone, and mineral water are all rare resources. The limestone mountains in Cam Pha are a rich source of raw materials for the development of cement, thermal power and construction materials industries, with Cam Pha Cement Factory. Cam Pha city has a seafood exploitation industry with more than 50 km of coastline, but mainly inshore fishing with low output.[3]

Cam Pha City is one of the country's major coal mining centers, so the amount of soil, rock, wastewater and dust released into the environment every year is huge. In order to overcome the negative impacts caused by coal mining activities in recent times

The coal industry has continuously invested and innovated technology for environmental protection in this area. To promote dust reduction, up to this point, Vinacomin has also completed the pilot construction of 1 automatic car washing station at Coc Sau Coal Joint Stock Company and 2 car washing stations at the Company. Cua Ong coal collection. Based on the existing stations, we will learn from experience to further invest in car washing stations on the routes from mines and coal ports. The goal is that after 2020, all vehicles will be washed before entering urban areas. In recent years, land subsidence has occurred in some localities in the city, creating large holes that people often call "sinkholes". Other environmental problems arising from coal mining activities such as dust, impact on underground water sources, surface water, erosion,

2.2. Research time

2.3. Research subjects

Characteristics of waste sources and waste. Measures to reduce waste sources.

2.4. Methodology

2.5. Research Methods

2.5.1. Methods of investigation and field survey:

2.5.2. Methods of collecting documents

2.5.3. Rapid assessment method with people's participation

2.5.5. Comparative method

To increase the number of households _

Environment , Thesis on the Use of Standards

+ QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical standards on quality

air - Maximum allowable concentration of a surrounding.