Evaluate some sources of dust and wastewater pollution in the coal industry in key areas of Ha Long city and Cam Pha city of Quang Ninh province and propose management and treatment solutions until 2015 - 2

Table 3.25. Effective dust reduction in the preparation furnace [8] 70

Table 3.26. Effective reduction of dust in longwalls [8] 71

Table 3.27. Some results of dust reduction by high pressure water spray 73

Figure 3.12. Image of sprinkler system to reduce dust 73

Quang Ninh province is a northeastern coastal province, located in the key socio-economic development area in the north of the country, with many natural resources creating very diverse socio-economic development potential. It is an area with the highest industrial production and exploitation of minerals, especially coal, in the country (coal output accounts for 90% of the country's total) and is also a major island and sea tourism destination. Vietnam and the world.

From the advantages of rich and abundant natural conditions, in recent years, coal mineral production and exploitation activities have been very strong and vibrant, contributing to the development and relative economic growth. quickly for Quang Ninh province in particular and the country in general. However, this same economic sector has been and is a major source of environmental pollution. At times, in some places, it has become a serious source of environmental pollution, creating great pressure on the environment and threatening the environment. It is harmful to people's health and has an increasingly negative impact on the socio-economic development driving forces of the province, which is not simple or easy to resolve.

Among the major industries and businesses in Quang Ninh province, mineral activities are one of the important economic development areas in the province that have had a tradition of hundreds of years and are increasingly developing. development, especially since the transition to a dense market mechanism, mainly concentrated in Dong Trieu, Uong Bi, Ha Long, and Cam Pha. These activities have been causing serious environmental pollution, directly affecting the health of workers and people (including in urban and rural areas); degrading many other important natural resources that are resources for development such as landscape, forest resources, water sources, land resources, and ecosystems in the basins. and coastal estuaries etc

To overcome pollution and solve pressing problems in the area, Quang Ninh province has recently made efforts in organizing management and building action programs for the goal of protecting the environment. In addition, the environmental protection work in the KS Council has been linked to the management of natural resources, as well as good management of KS resources with reasonable mining technology and clean technology to minimize coal loss and at the same time. Minimize environmental pollution from emission sources in mining, screening and transportation technology. However, those changes have not kept up with the pace of comprehensive socio-economic development and environmental requirements, and many mining areas and neighboring urban areas are still in a state of environmental pollution.

To proactively solve environmental pollution problems, especially dust and wastewater pollution sources from the above socio-economic development activities, an important task for management agencies is to must conduct research and specifically assess the level of environmental pollution of pollution sources in the coal industry in Ha Long City and Cam Pha City of Quang Ninh province; From there, propose appropriate treatment measures and at the same time propose policies and measures to effectively manage these types of environmental pollution sources.

1.1. Theoretical basis for dust and wastewater in the coal industry

1.1.1. Concept, classification, harmful effects of dust

a. Concept

b. Classify

c. Harmful effects of dust

1.1.2. Concept and harmful effects of mine wastewater

1.1.2.1. Concept

1.1.2.2. Impact on the water environment

1.2. Current status of production in the world and in Vietnam

1.2.1. Coal production in the world

Coal is humanity's main energy source with total reserves of over 700 billion tons, capable of meeting human needs for about 180 years. Coal can be considered a global industry, with a commercial amount of coal

Mined in more than 50 countries and consumed in over 70 countries worldwide, the world currently consumes about 4 billion tons of coal each year. Coal mining output increased fastest in Asia, while Europe mined at a decreasing rate. The largest mining countries are not concentrated on one continent but are scattered around the world. The largest mining countries today are: China, the US, India, Australia, the Federal Republic of Germany and South Africa. Most countries exploit coal for domestic consumption, with only about 18% of coal destined for the export market. The amount of coal mined is forecast to be about 7 billion tons by 2030, of which China accounts for more than half of the output.

Coal plays a vital role in electricity production and this role will continue to be maintained in the future. About 39% of the electricity produced worldwide comes from this material source and this proportion will still be maintained in the future (forecast until 2030). Coal consumption is also forecast to increase at a rate of 0.9% to 1.5% from now until 2030. Coal consumption for boiler needs will increase about 1.5%/year while lignite, used used in electricity production, increasing at a rate of 1%/year. Demand for coking coal, a type of coal used in the steel and metal industries, is forecast to increase at a rate of 0.9%. The largest coal market is Asia, accounting for about 54% of world consumption, of which the main demand is China.

Some other countries that do not have natural fuel sources must import coal for energy and industrial needs such as Japan, Taiwan and South Korea. Not only do countries that cannot exploit coal have to import coal, but even the world's largest mining countries have to import coal. Import demand for reserves or quality coal sources will still play an important role, especially in areas with high growth rates. Growth in the coal market for boilers and coking coal will be strongest in Asia, where demand for electricity, steel production, car production and consumer demand increases with increasingly improved living standards. good.[27]

Some other countries that do not have natural fuel sources must import coal for energy and industrial needs such as Japan, Taiwan and South Korea. Not only do countries that cannot exploit coal have to import coal, but even the world's largest mining countries have to import coal. Import demand for reserves or quality coal sources will still play an important role, especially in areas with high growth rates. Growth in the coal market for boilers and coking coal will be strongest in Asia, where demand for electricity, steel production, car production and consumer demand increases with increasingly improved living standards. good.[27]

m 3 mine wastewater. Every year, about 4,030 million tons of coal are mined, this number has increased by 38% over the past 20 years. With that amount, it is estimated that about 32,240 - 40,300 million m 3 of covered soil and rock worldwide will be extracted each year, releasing about 4,060 - 13,090 million m 3 of mine wastewater into the environment. Mining in huge quantities around the world has a major impact on the natural and human environment. Countries around the world have also taken measures to minimize impacts on the environment.

dust pollution, water pollution, deforestation. Mining coal using the current underground method results in the loss of 50% of reserves, causes land subsidence, water pollution, consumes firewood and causes underground accidents.

Burning coal produces SO2 and CO2 gas. According to calculations, a coal-fired power plant with a capacity of 1,000 MW annually releases into the environment 5 million tons of CO2, 18,000 tons of NOx, and 11,000 - 680,000 tons of solid waste. Solid waste, dust, and wastewater often contain heavy metals and toxic radioactive substances.