Evaluate some sources of dust and wastewater pollution in the coal industry in key areas of Ha Long city and Cam Pha city of Quang Ninh province and propose management and treatment solutions until 2015

HA NOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

CENTER FOR RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

VU XUAN CALENDAR

ASSESSMENT OF SOME SOURCES OF DUST AND WASTEWATER POLLUTION IN THE COAL INDUSTRY IN THE KEY AREAS OF HA LONG CITY, CAM PHA CITY OF QUANG NINH PROVINCE AND PROPOSAL SOLUTIONS FOR MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT UNTIL 2015

Major: Environment in sustainable development (Pilot training program)

MASTER THESIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUCTOR: Associate Professor, Dr. TRAN YEM

Hanoi – Year 2013

THANK YOU

With all sincerity, I would like to express my thanks to the Board of Directors of Hanoi National University, Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Quang Ninh province; City Party Committee and People's Committee of Cam Pha city; Vietnam Coal and Mineral Industry Group (Vinacomin), Environmental Police Department of Quang Ninh Provincial Police; Friends and colleagues helped me throughout the process of researching, developing and completing my thesis.

I would like to sincerely thank the Center for Natural Resources and Environmental Research -

Hanoi National University has created

conditions

for me during my research and studies _ _

file

at school. I would like to thank the staff working at the Center for Natural Resources and Environmental Research - Hanoi National University for creating conditions and directly helping me in the process of studying and carrying out my thesis.

In particular, I would like to express my deep gratitude for the guidance, help, and dedicated guidance of Associate Professor, Dr. Tran Yem - Hanoi National University and all the teachers in the research center. Natural Resources and Environment - Hanoi National University helped me complete this thesis./.

Thesis Author

Vu Xuan Lich

GUARANTEE

I hereby declare that all the contents of this thesis were formed and developed from my personal viewpoints, under the scientific guidance of Associate Professor. Dr. Tran Yem. The data and results obtained in the Thesis are completely honest.

Hanoi, date.........month.......2013

THESIS AUTHOR

Vu Xuan Lich

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROMISE iv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii

LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF FIGURES x

INTRODUCTION 1

Chapter I 4

OVERVIEW OF THE COAL INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF ACTIVITIES IN THE COAL INDUSTRY 4

1.1. Theoretical basis for dust and wastewater in the coal industry 4

1.1.1. Concept, classification, harmful effects of dust 4

1.1.2. Concept and harmful effects of mine wastewater 5

1.1.2.1. Concept 5

1.1.2.2. Impact on the water environment 5

1.2. Current status of production in the world and in Vietnam 5

1.2.1. Coal production in the world 5

1.2.2. Current status of coal mining in Vietnam 9

1.2.2.1. Current environmental situation due to the impact of activities in the coal industry 9

1.2.2.2. Environmental management situation 13

1.2.3. Overview of environmental issues in the coal industry in Ha Long City, Cam Pha City - Quang Ninh Province 14

LOCATION, TIME, METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH METHODS 16

2.1. Research location 16

2.1.1. Ha Long City 16

2.1.1.1. Natural conditions 16

2.1.1.1. Socio-economic and environmental conditions 17

2.1.2. Cam Pha city 19

2.1.2.1. Natural conditions 19

2.1.2.1. Socio-economic and environmental conditions 19

2.2. Research period 20

2.3. Research object 20

2.4. Methodology 20

2.5. Research methods 21

2.5.1. Methods of investigation and field survey: 21

2.5.2. Methods of collecting documents 21

2.5.3. Rapid assessment method with people's participation 21

2.5.4.Environmental monitoring methods 22

2.5.5. Comparison method 22

Chapter III 24

RESEARCH RESULTS 24

3.1. Assess the current status of air pollution sources in the coal industry 24

3.1.1. Peeling soil and rock, blasting 25

3.1.2. Coal screening 26

3.1.3. Transporting waste rock and products 29

3.1.4. Dispose of waste at yards 31

3.1.5. Coal storage yards 34

3.1.6. Loading and unloading coal at 36 ports

3.1.7. Effects of dust from underground mining 38

3.2. Wastewater sources from coal production 39

3.2.1. Coal screening 39

3.2.2. Wastewater from underground mining 42

3.2.3. Rainwater flows through the field 45

3.2.4. Rainwater flows through coal warehouse 46

3.2.5. Rainwater overflows through coal port 47

3.2.6. Domestic wastewater from workers in coal companies in study area 48

3.3. Cases of violations of the law on environmental management by enterprises

coal above

Dia

You study in 51 _

3.4. Assess the current state of environmental management of coal production enterprises in the study area 53

3.4.1. Institutional/organizational assessment 53

3.4.2. Evaluate the implementation of policies, laws and regulations on environmental protection by businesses 54

3.4.3. Implement waste management measures, minimize environmental pollution due to dust and wastewater 54

3.5. Forecasting waste sources causing environmental pollution from coal production until 2015 56

3.5.1. Forecasting basis 56

3.5.2. Forecast results 58

3.6. Proposing environmental management solutions in coal production 61

3.6.1. Building an environmental management system in each enterprise 61

3.6.2. Develop policies specifically regulating environmental protection for each enterprise 61

3.6.3. Building an environmental protection fund for each enterprise 62

3.6.4. Develop an environmental management and monitoring program 63

3.6.5. Dust treatment measures 65

3.6.1.1 For drilling and blasting work 66

3.6.1.2. For loading, unloading and transporting coal 69

3.6.6. Mine wastewater treatment measures 75

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 78

1. Conclusion 78

2. Recommendation 78

LIST OF ACRONYMS

HDKS

Mineral activities
TNTN	Natural resources
MT	Environment
Natural Resources & Environment	Resources and environment
KS	Mineral
City	City
TCVN	Vietnam standard
QCVN	Vietnamese standards
BTNMT	The environmental resources
UNESCO	Lien's educational, scientific and cultural organization United Nations
People's Council	People's Assembly
People's Committee	People's Committee
Environmental protection	Environmental protection
KTV	Vietnam Coal and Mineral Group
CP	Share
COD	Chemical oxygen demand
BOD	Biological oxygen demand
WWTP	Wastewater treatment
XN	Enterprise

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1. Level of dust generation from coal mining activities [3] 24

Table 3.2. Total volume of soil and rock dumped from open-pit coal mines [25] 25

Table 3.3. Statistics on the amount of soil and rock waste due to blasting activities at some mines 25

Table 3.4. Some coal processing plants in Ha Long and Cam Pha areas 27

Table 3.5. Amount of dust generated by Cua Ong 28 Coal Processing Company

Table 3.6. Dust emission potential of some activities 30

Table 3.7. Some typical waste dumps 31

Table 3.8. Dust load arising from transportation activities 36

Table 3.9. Some large coal loading ports in key coal region 37

Table 3.10. Dust concentration in preparation furnaces along the coal seam is at –25/+30 38

Table 3.11. Dust concentration in 9B East longwall furnaces -25/+30 39

Table 3.12. The content of pollutants in wastewater discharged into streams (when there are no mitigation measures) according to standard 20 TCN-51-84 43

Table 3.13. Amount of water drained from seams 46

Table 3.14. Amount of rainwater overflowing through some coal storage ports 47

Table 3.15. Load of pollutants in wastewater 48

Table 3.16. Amount of pollutants introduced into the environment by each person every day 50

Table 3.17. Pollutant content in domestic wastewater at Nui Beo 50 coal mine

Table 3.18. Forecast of dust load in open pit mining until 2015 59

Table 3.19. Forecast of dust emissions in underground mining until 2015 [20] 59

Table 3.20. Forecast of total dust load in coal mining in Ha Long City and Cam Pha City until 2015 59

Table 3.21. Forecast of wastewater load in open pit mining to 2015 60

Table 3.22. Forecasting wastewater flow in underground mining to 2015 [20] 60

Table 3.23. Funding for building an environmental protection fund for some coal mines 62

Table 3.24. Concentration of some gases and dust in the furnace mirror 68