Dong Bao Rubber Processing Facility, Mong Cai City

Figure 3.3 - Current status of solid waste landfill km26, Quang Nghia commune

However, at the time of the field survey at the landfill: the amount of garbage was covered with surface soil, the exhaust pipes at the landfill according to the design at landfill No. statue on fire. The amount of wastewater has not been collected according to regulations, a new wastewater treatment station is being built. There is no landfill operations manual.

Assessment: with the above current situation, if the consequences of reaching the landfill are not remedied, it will greatly affect the environment, especially underground water sources. Not having an operating manual and not strictly controlling the volume, quality of treatment, and exhaust pipes will cause the phenomenon of garbage burning....

There is currently 01 industrial park in the city (Hai Yen industrial park); 02 industrial clusters (Hai Hoa Industrial Cluster and Ninh Duong Industrial Cluster) and about 150 household production facilities... currently, industrial solid waste management in the area still has many limitations. Currently, in the city, there is no unit with full functions of collecting, transporting and treating hazardous waste. The whole province has only Rebirth Company with the function of collecting, transporting and treating hazardous waste. , some businesses and especially industrial and handicraft establishments' awareness is still slow to change, leading to a situation where industrial solid waste is still collected with domestic solid waste....

With the characteristics of industrial solid waste having complex composition and highly hazardous characteristics. The components of HW here are usually oily rags and sewage sludge

Hai Yen Industrial Park: Currently there are 04 investment enterprises, however currently there are only 02 operating enterprises: Hoang Thai food processing company, Texhong Ngan Long textile factory, and 02 companies are operating. Stopped operations due to conversion of production products and suspension due to signs of environmental pollution. Most investment facilities in Industrial Parks have registered hazardous waste source books at the Department of Natural Resources and Environment.

According to the results of an actual investigation in July 2013, the amount of ordinary industrial solid waste was contracted by businesses with Mong Cai City Urban Environment and Construction Joint Stock Company, for waste hazardous industrial snakes under contract with Rebirth company (collection and transportation); At the time of the survey, most establishments had solid waste storage warehouses, but most of the storage facilities were not guaranteed to comply with regulations.

- Currently in the city there are more than 150 industrial and handicraft production establishments interwoven in residential areas; The main production industries are mechanical processing, aluminum and glass, civil carpentry... and a number of other industrial service industries: Hai Hoa ward (32 establishments); Hai Yen Ward (26 Facilities); X.Hai Xuan (10 establishments); Tran Phu Ward (09 Facilities); P.Ka Long (19 establishments); Ninh Duong Ward (20 facilities); Hoa Lac Ward (13 facilities); X. Hai Dong (08 establishments); X.Hai Tien (4 facilities); Tra Co Ward (06 establishments); Binh Ngoc Ward (03 facilities).

Establishments operating mainly rent land from households for both housing and factories, equipped with rudimentary production machinery, during the production process, machine noise, paint smell, dust from waste materials. directly into the surroundings, causing environmental pollution. The management of industrial solid waste is not managed according to regulations, the common method is to bury it with domestic solid waste.

Currently in the city, there is only one hospital that has invested in a hazardous medical solid waste treatment system including 01 belli waste incinerator, 01 F-1S medical waste incinerator and 01 insulation cabinet. To ensure that medical waste generated in the city is thoroughly treated, especially at medical stations and private medical facilities that do not have a treatment system, on June 18, 2012, the City People's Committee Mong Cai issued document No. 713/CV-UBND

- Hazardous medical solid waste: generated from the examination and treatment of patients, the volume of this generation is about 20kg to 25kg/day, collected by the nurses of the departments and concentrated in insulated cabinets with temperature 2 o C - 4 o C stored twice a day at 8:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Then it is treated with the Chuwastar F-1S medical waste incinerator made in Japan in 2009-2010 (daily garbage burning), with a daily updated garbage delivery book and incinerator operation log.

- Ordinary medical solid waste: includes waste generated during daily activities of patients, patients' families, staff and workers working at the hospital, including surplus foods, bags Plastic, drinking water bottles... are stored in blue bags. This amount of trash is about 120kg to 160kg/day, and is collected by nurses in departments and rooms twice a day at 8:00 a.m., 3:00 p.m. and when needed. The hospital has 01 garbage warehouse and contracts with Mong Cai Urban Environment and Construction Joint Stock Company to transport it daily to the city's centralized treatment place.

Table 3.12. Volume of infectious waste of Mong Cai General Hospital in 2007-2013

Year 2008 _

Year 2009 _

n 2010 _

n 2011 _

n 2012 _

n 2013 _

The chart above shows the amount of infectious waste increasing and decreasing every year. Infectious waste increased by 7,186 kg compared to 2007, showing that infectious waste management at hospitals is increasingly invested in and thoroughly treated. Waste increased sharply in 2011 due to the implementation of the direction of Mong Cai City People's Committee in 2011 on supporting the treatment of hazardous medical waste with private medical examination and treatment facilities. Medical solid waste in Mong Cai city is generally controlled quite strictly in terms of collection, classification and treatment.

Agricultural solid waste arises mainly in the communes of Hai Tien, Hai Dong, Hai Yen, Quang Nghia, Bac Son, Hai Son, Hai Xuan, Hai Hoa... Usually from agricultural production activities such as farming , harvesting agricultural products, packaging of fertilizers, pesticides, waste from livestock farming and animal slaughter; Aquaculture activities follow intensive and semi-intensive farming models.

According to the results of an interview with comrade Ngo Thanh Tuyen, an expert at the Economic Department - Mong Cai City, said: currently, agricultural solid waste in the city is not managed according to regulations, and there are no statistics on it. volume of solid waste generated. Most agricultural waste products are used

for useful purposes. People burn straw to get ash to fertilize the soil. Especially in winter, ash keeps moisture very well for young seedlings; Rice husks are used to mix with vegetable soil to make the soil loose; Chopped bean and peanut stalks are used as organic fertilizer for rice, vegetables... Waste from livestock is mainly livestock and poultry manure. Manure is not sent to landfills but is used to fertilize plants or as food for some fish species, or to build biogas tanks.

The indiscriminate use of plant protection chemicals, pesticides, and herbicides in agricultural and forestry production activities, especially the habit of using herbicides instead of weeding and sludging in rice dragon and replace weeding by hand and by machine by farmers, causing the soil and water environment to be contaminated with these toxic substances. The above chemicals are stored in bottles, jars made of plastic, glass and nylon bags... these packages are difficult to decompose, people are not aware of collecting and treating them, but discharge them directly to the ground or Disposing directly into natural water sources such as rivers, streams, ponds, lakes... causes toxins to enter the water source and remain in the soil, affecting the environment and soil productivity.

3.4. Forecasting solid waste generated in Mong Cai City

According to the socio-economic development plan of Mong Cai city to 2020, the city's population is increasing quite rapidly, especially the population in urban areas. Therefore, the amount of household waste in urban areas and rural residential areas has increased greatly. The problem of forecasting the amount of household solid waste in urban and rural residential areas is calculated through forecasting the growth of urban population and rural population of Mong Cai city. The coefficient of household waste discharge is estimated as shown in table 3.11 below:

According to estimated results, in 2015 the amount of waste from rural residential areas is 0.5 times the amount of household waste from urban areas. The total amount of solid waste is 93.5 tons/day, including 18.7 tons of persistent waste. In 2020, the amount of household waste in the entire city increased 1.5 times compared to 2015.

... Mainly decomposable waste such as leftover food, vegetable and fruit peels; Some are non-toxic such as soil, rocks, sand, gravel...; Some can be recycled such as plastic, rubber, waste paper...; Some types are difficult to decompose and are toxic such as plastic bags, plastic boxes, etc. Especially due to people's habit of using plastic bags when going to the market and storing any type of goods, they are in the amount of waste. Every day there is a fairly large amount of plastic bags.

According to the socio-economic development planning of Mong Cai city to 2020, most industrial clusters and points in the city apply high and advanced technologies into production and processing lines, thus partly limit the amount of waste released into the environment. In forecasting industrial solid waste generated from industrial parks, clusters, and industrial points in Mong Cai city, I choose the standard value of 150 kg/ha/day. The amount of hazardous waste is estimated to be 10% of the amount of industrial waste.