Oil and grease content at coal port coal loading dock monitoring points exceeds the allowable threshold for use in swimming beaches and water sports to a small extent.
3.2.6. Domestic wastewater from workers in coal companies in the study area
a. Cao Son Coal Company
Domestic wastewater from officials and workers will also become a significant source of pollution to surface water quality if not managed and treated strictly. Currently the whole company has 3,812 people. According to calculations, the current water consumption on the fields is calculated as follows:
Water for daily use, drinking, bathing and washing is taken according to TCXD 33:2006 standards. In
there:
Drinking water for daily use between 2 shifts: 25 liters/person/day and night. Bathing water for workers: 60 liters/bath
Domestic water for workers in dormitories: 40 liters/person/day and night Water for washing boots and clothes: 50 liters/set
Total domestic water demand is about 400 m 3 /day and night. With block
If this amount of water is not treated, it will have a negative impact on the surface water environment in the company's area. However, this effect is only local and will be overcome by septic sanitation systems and domestic wastewater filtration systems before being discharged into the environment.
Table 3.15. Load of pollutants in wastewater
No
Pollutant |
Load (kg/day) |
|
first |
Biological oxygen demand (BOD) |
166.69 – 195, 82 |
2 |
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) |
1257.75 – 1365.37 |
3 |
Floating solids |
255.75 – 530.9 |
4 |
Total nitrogen |
21.09 – 44.18 |
5 |
Total phosphorus |
2.94 – 14.72 |
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Environmental Monitoring Results of Domestic Wastewater [16] -
Current Status of Solid Waste Management by Coal Companies in Cam Pha -
Evaluate some sources of dust and wastewater pollution in the coal industry in key areas of Ha Long city and Cam Pha city of Quang Ninh province and propose management and treatment solutions until 2015 - 1 - Evaluate some sources of dust and wastewater pollution in the coal industry in key areas of Ha Long city and Cam Pha city of Quang Ninh province and propose management and treatment solutions until 2015 - 2
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Evaluate some sources of dust and wastewater pollution in the coal industry in key areas of Ha Long city and Cam Pha city of Quang Ninh province and propose management and treatment solutions until 2015 - 11
( Source: Collection of data and research by student Vu Xuan Lich)
Because the concentration of pollutants in domestic wastewater is low, it mainly contains organic substances and does not contain toxic metals, so treating it with a septic tank before releasing it into the environment is a measure to limit the impact. enjoy the best.
* Affects wastewater receiving sources
Domestic wastewater contains very high levels of microorganisms and has major polluting properties. The total number of bacteria, including relatively harmless groups, is about 1,000 types. Microorganisms living in wastewater are mainly viruses and bacteria. The type of Salmoele bacteria that causes fever is partly found in the eggs of parasitic animals such as worms... In addition to biologically problematic organisms, domestic wastewater also contains harmless bacteria that decompose substances. eliminated through hydrolysis, reduction and oxidation. Enzymes and enzymes are also involved in this decomposition. Domestic wastewater also contains hormones, stimulants, and vitamins from human and animal excretions.
The source receiving wastewater is Mong Duong river water. Domestic wastewater from Mong Duong Coal Company, after treatment and discharged into Mong Duong River, will cause some impacts on the underwater ecosystem, river water quality, and increase the organic matter content in the water. In general, the impacts are only local and not large.
b. Nui Beo Coal Company
This type of wastewater is polluted mainly by: organic substances (from the toilet), residue, grease (from the kitchen), nutrients and microorganisms, etc. If not concentrated and treated, will affect water sources in the area.
According to statistical calculations, for developing countries, the volume of pollutants brought into the environment by each person daily (if not treated) is as given in the following table 3.16:
Table 3.16. The amount of pollutants introduced into the environment by each person every day
Status
Pollutant |
Load (g/person.day) |
|
first |
BOD 5 |
45 – 54 |
2 |
COD |
72 – 102 |
3 |
Suspended solids (SS) |
70 – 145 |
4 |
Grease |
10 – 30 |
5 |
Total Nitrogen |
6 – 12 |
6 |
Ammonium |
2.4 – 4.8 |
7 |
Total Phosphorus |
0.8 – 4.0 |
8 |
Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) |
10 6 – 10 9 |
(Source: World Health Organization (WHO), 1993
Estimated load of pollutants in domestic wastewater if not treated and put into streams daily is quite large and does not meet allowed standards.
Table 3.17. Pollutant content in domestic wastewater at Nui Beo coal mine
Pollutant
Load of pollutants (kg/day) |
Content in domestic wastewater (mg/l) |
QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (Column B) |
|
Untreated |
|||
BOD |
145.32 |
1879.9 |
50 |
COD |
259.17 |
3297.1 |
- |
Floating solids |
315.77 |
4076 |
100 |
Total N |
25.6 |
346 |
- |
Ammonia |
10.49 |
134.5 |
- |
(Source: Research by student Vu Xuan Lich)
The amount of wastewater generated in the Nui Beo mine area is about 200 m 3 /day and night. According to calculations in the table above, if the mine's domestic wastewater is not treated and discharged directly into the receiving source, it will pollute the surface water of the receiving source, affecting the land, water, and aquatic ecosystems in the area. receiving source area.
3.3. Cases of violations of the law on environmental management by enterprises
coal on land
you do your research . _
Mac
It took a lot of effort _
in environmental management work , especially for
with businesses _ _ _
coal, song and so on
Ca n't satisfy yet _
with development requirements _ _
of coal enterprises in the area. Environmental protection awareness of businesses
industry
not yet
raise , the edges
Dealing with the agency 's costs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
check. During the implementation process , inspect and survey environmental management
of coal enterprises in the multi - phase area
many violations
return law _
environment . _ We can mention a number of violations of remote laws occurring in the country :
- At 10:00 a.m. on September 30, 2013, the Environmental Police Department
Mr. ( C49) conducts an actual inspection of his environmental protection law enforcement work .
Ltd. One
Member of Thong Nhat Coal – Vinacomin according to Decision No
253/QD-KT dated January 4, 2013 of Chairman C 49. Order of work of C 49 together
Comrade Vu Xuan Lic h (Captain of Team 2 - Environmental Police Department -
The police of Ninh province have conducted an inspection of the actual operation of the wastewater treatment plant .
of the company. During the process of checking the violations as follows:
International public transport is multi - phased _ _
one
number vi
medicine
+ When disposing of the wastewater system of the Lo Tri production area, Thong Nhat Coal Company inspected and found : In the production warehouse premises
Lot Tri has 01 wastewater furnace. Pregnant water used for this type of water treatment includes domestic domestic water of the Mong Giang residential area and domestic domestic water of the Mong Giang residential area and domestic domestic water of the Mong Giang residential area . Staff of Lo Tri Export Processing Zone . However, there is a problem with section 13 , Phase check section .t _
porch
There is 01 water pipe from the 13th block . _ _ _ _ _
fight against and worry about drinking water _ _ _ _ _ _
shared. Save the eel
g because foreign countries produce exported products of type 13 that do not go through this processing _ _ _ _
registered by the Company with competent authorities . Total amount of wastewater from the furnace door 13
This is the company's commitment to focus on 1 common tank after the tram
The solution is then measured _ _
pump
get on the tram
Water treatment for pregnant women _ _ _ _
central . However, at the inspection point, take the inspection
I do n't see the pumps used to pump water from 13 to 100 meters .
x active wastewater treatment
doṇ g. Therefore, all wastewater from seam 13 flows directly into the environment (Ngo stream
Permission). Core
Seeing this, the Inspection Department proceeded to take samples .
foreign country as a 13 _ _ _ _
flowing into the analytical environment, the results obtained were that the Nike (Ni) concentration exceeded 2 times;
Suspended solids (TSS) exceed
4.72 times; Manganese (Mn) exceeds
29 times; Iron (Fe) exceeds
125
times compared to QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT – National technical regulation on industrial wastewater .
+ When carrying out the procedure, taking a sample of fetal water through the wastewater treatment tank into the local environment
The main point of concern for construction
g lower base – 35 Lo Tri areas with overspending _
through standards _
for approval of QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT: National technical regulation on
industrial water _ _ _
. Specifically: Suspended solids ( TSS) exceed
2.13 times; Manganese
(Mn) pass
2.82 times; Iron (Fe) exceeds
26.4 times.
- At 8:30 a.m. on October 5, 2013, the Environmental Police Department (C49) in the investigation was jointly charged with Vu Xuan Lich ( Captain of Team 2 - Police Department).
Monitoring of Environmental Prevention and Control – Provincial Police of Qua ̉ng Ninh ) conducts a practical inspection
international
The company accepts the law on environmental protection of Nui Beo Coal Joint Stock Company - Vinacomin (No. 799 - Le Thanh Tong - Ha Long City - Quang Ninh Province).
During the actual inspection process
In fact , public transport has been widely implemented
many errors
in
work
through environmental management of the Company . _ _ Most save eels
g ́ the fetus is active
of the mine
Without treatment, discharged directly into the receiving source, polluting the surface water of the receiving source, affecting the soil, water, and aquatic ecosystems in the receiving source area.
receive. Specifically, the BOD 5 content exceeded 37.6 times; suspended solids (TSS) content
pass
40.76 times compared to the regulations of QCVN 14: 2008 /BTNMT: Technical regulations
country of birthplace . _
In addition to these two serious violations, there are also many other violations
Managing the environmental conditions of businesses is more disruptive than others , causing serious safety problems .
harmful to the surrounding environment, degrading water resources and affecting the ecosystem in the area.
3.4. Assess the current state of environmental management of coal production enterprises in the study area
3.4.1. Institutional/organizational assessment
a. Results achieved
- Enterprises have established specialized environmental departments to take care of environmental issues for the entire enterprise.
- Determining responsibilities, assigning and decentralizing reasonable tasks of resource management and environmental protection in mining and processing antibiotics between VINACOMIN, sectors and localities to manage, prevent and overcome Recovering pollution, degradation, and environmental incidents in mineral exploitation.
- Strengthen supervision, inspection and strict handling of violations of laws on environmental protection and use of resources in mineral exploitation and processing. Strictly implement Document No. 491/CP dated May 13, 2002 of the Government on prohibited and restricted areas for registration.
- Strengthen the participation in supervision of political and public organizations
copper.
- Diversify investment capital sources for environmental protection and use them effectively
Funding sources for environmental resource management activities in the Management Council. Establishment of the Natural Resources and Environment Protection Fund for the Registration Council, the main sources for the fund include environmental fees, environmental deposits, etc.
b. Difficulty, existence
- Officers of the Environmental Department of Mines currently also hold other jobs such as Science and Technology; Information technology; Safety...so to ensure the professionalism of staff in the Department, it is necessary to strengthen the Environmental Department of the mines.
- A coal production and trading enterprise is managed by many agencies and units, so sometimes the management overlaps.
3.4.2. Evaluate the implementation of policies, laws and regulations on environmental protection by businesses
a. Result
- Most coal production and trading enterprises have strictly complied with environmental protection laws, prepared and implemented environmental impact assessment reports and environmental protection commitments of each facility.
- Periodically monitor the environment, report to the competent authority, ensure the requirements set out in the commitment to the competent authority.
- Construction and operation of mine wastewater treatment works.
- Strictly implement measures to prevent dust pollution, ensure workers' health as well as the general living environment.
b. Difficulty, existence
- The issue of coal production and trading spans a large area, so it has a major impact on the entire study area:
+ Mine wastewater can be affected from the upstream source, downstream near residential areas, and surface water areas flowing into the sea.
+ The coal transportation process is long and the transportation route passes through densely populated areas, causing dust and dirt on the roads, affecting safety on the roads.
3.4.3. Implement waste management measures, minimize environmental pollution due to dust and wastewater
a. Results achieved
- Enterprises have taken optimization measures to minimize the impact of waste, dust, and wastewater on the surrounding environment:
* Minimize dust
+ Spraying water on coal transport roads, some internal roads have been concreted.
+ Plant trees on internal roads, especially temporary roads passing through toxic waste dumps in the mining area.
+ Build a dust-proof net system in the screening area, coal storage yard, and coal import-export port.
+ Coal transport vehicles are carefully covered to avoid causing coal to fall and dust to spread to the areas it passes through.
+ Regulation of transportation hours through routes with residential areas.
* Minimize the impact of mine wastewater
+ Concentrated mine wastewater treatment plants have been built in large mines such as Coc Sau, Cao Son...
+ Construction of sludge reservoirs and sedimentation pits in areas generating wastewater from coal production.
+ Rainwater overflowing through coal storage areas and mines is collected, flows into a separate system, settles and filters suspended substances, dirt, and then enters surface flows.
b. Difficulties exist
* Dust mitigation system
- Need to apply additional anti-dust measures for workers directly working in toxic environments. New workers are only equipped with dust masks, so the risk of respiratory and lung diseases among workers in the industry is very high.
- Measures to suppress dust with water on coal transport routes, especially those passing through urban areas and residential areas, causing loss of street aesthetics, making the roads slippery, easily causing accidents for participants. traffic.
* The system minimizes the impact of wastewater
- Treatment works are mainly mechanical, only settling suspended solids, chemicals mixed in water have not been thoroughly treated.
- Centralized wastewater treatment systems need to be built in many businesses so that polluting wastewater sources are thoroughly treated.
* Dust treatment technologies have been and are being applied
- Water spraying method to suppress dust at open-pit mining sites.